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Other carnivores have anal glands that are sometimes stinky, but they don’t use it to fend off predators. You have more in common with this scaly mammal than you think. Eight species of pangolins are found on two continents. Our biweekly podcast delivering news & inspiration from nature’s frontline. Today, all African pangolin species are classed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List, but the upsurge in reported seizures shows that legal protections are not being enforced. An endangered Temminck's Pangolin (Shutterstock). “People need to know more about pangolins. It is adorable, and unfortunately, severely threatened: The little guy is coveted for his meat and scales, which are used in Chinese medicine. More animal superstars to see in the wild: Everything you need to know about Arctic foxes, The 6 best places in the world to see walrus in the wild. Four pangolin species occur across Asia: the Indian pangolin, the Chinese or Formosan pangolin, the Malayan or Sunda pangolin, and the Palawan pangolin. Traffickers’ mobile and continually changing strategy can only be matched by an intelligence-based law enforcement effort, they argue. Law enforcement is not effective. Namiri Plains in the Serengeti is the best place to spot them in Tanzania. “I strongly suspect that it is increasing because in a number of key demand countries there is an expansion of cultural traditions that value such products, the growth in middle class with greater capacity to purchase at a higher volume and the increase in the population of the region,” Williams says. And the underground nature of trafficking makes it even more difficult to track trends or insinuate figures accurately.”. These mammals are one of the most trafficked mammals in Asia and Africa, and are endangered. “More people are becoming aware because there is so much publicity about pangolins. Tough on the outside, soft on the inside, the scaly pangolin is one of the planet's most enigmatic creatures.

Researchers, investigators and conservationists recommend a review of anti-trafficking laws to make them more effective. In other cases, they pay hunters to obtain agreed quantities of scales or whole carcasses.

Pangolins are more like humans and most mammals in this respect and can be grouped with the most common placental mammals, giving birth to a relatively developed young. “What we know is that there is a general decline in pangolins (globally),” says ecologist Jake Williams, the Asia program coordinator at the Zoological Society of London. Antarctic ice melt related to tropical weather shifts: Study, Forest degradation outpaces deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon: Study, Could disruptions in meat supply relieve pressure on the Amazon? Pangolins are also capable swimmers, and while some pangolin species such as the ground pangolin (Smutsia temmincki) are completely terrestrial, others, such as the black-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tetradactyla), are adept climbers, using their claws and semi-prehensile tails to grip bark and scale trees.

Safari guide with a camera spots a pangolin in Africa (Shutterstock). And guides who are aware of where to find pangolin in the wild are reluctant to share the information in fear that those creatures may get poached, as well. “I sell a maximum of 15 pangolins per week,” says Olofin Latifat, a mother of two who has been selling pangolins at the Oluwo bushmeat market since 1988.

These pangolin parts or scales are then channeled into offshore networks supplying countries where demand is high. That’s what we are seeing today. Often, they are smuggled to Vietnam or China ,where the highly-prized scales are said to cure all kinds of ailments. Sadly, it is not enough to deter human poachers, who simply pick up the ‘ball’ and carry the pangolin away to be sold as bush meat. They are traded openly in bushmeat markets in Nigeria and neighboring Cameroon. Podcast: Can the planet support a clean energy transition?

And in Botswana, head to the Shinde Camp. They are adapted for eating insects, snuffling around and lapping up ants and termites with their long tongues. WWF, together with TRAFFIC, are working hard to protect species from wildlife crime, creating a campaign to try and reduce consumer demand for pangolin products. You may republish Mongabay content in your publication at no cost, Solomon Islands environmental defender faces life sentence for arson charge, Threatened species caught in crossfire of ongoing land conflict in Myanmar, Under cover of COVID-19, loggers plunder Cambodian wildlife sanctuary, Brazilian Amazon protected areas ‘in flames’ as land-grabbers invade, ‘Tamper with nature, and everyone suffers’: Q&A with ecologist Enric Sala, New paper highlights spread of organized crime from global fisheries, Study: Chinese ‘dark fleets’ illegally defying sanctions by fishing in North Korean waters, Game changer? Pangolins give birth to live young. In 2016, a treaty of over 180 governments announced an agreement that would end all legal trade of pangolins and help protect the species from extinction. Pangolin scales are made of keratin, which is the same stuff your hair, fingernails, and toenails are made of. Strangely, the closest living relatives of the pangolin belong to the order Carnivora, which include cats, dogs, bears, and even walruses and seals. However, illegal trade of the species continues. The law enforcement agencies are stepping up.

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